|  Invited Symposium: Development of Social Phobia
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Abstract 
   Introduction 
   Materials & Methods 
   Results 
   Discussion & Conclusion 
   References 
 
 
 
   DiscussionBoard
 | 
Toward an Improved Nosology of Social Phobia: Dimensional or Latent Class? 
 Contact Person: Jonathan M Oakman (jmoakman@watarts.uwaterloo.ca)
 
 References
 
References 
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Asendorpf, J.B. (1989). Shyness as a final common pathway for two different kinds of inhibition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 481-492.Asendorpf, J.B. (1990). Development of inhibition during childhood: Evidence for situational specificity and a two-factor model. Developmental Psychology, 26, 721-730.Asendorpf, J.B. (1993) Abnormal shyness in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 1069-1081.Balthazard, C.G., & Woody, E.Z. (1989). Bimodality, dimensionality, and the notion of hypnotic types. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 37, 70-89.Biederman, J., Rosenbaum, J.F., Hirschfeld, D.R., Faraone, S.V., Bolduc, E.A., Gersten, M., Meminger, S.R., Kagan, J., Snidman, N., & Reznick, J.S. (1990). Psychiatric correlates of behavioral inhibition in young children of parents with and without psychiatric disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 21-26.Buss, A.H. (1986). Social behavior and personality. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Buss, A.H. (1986). Two kinds of shyness. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.), Self-related cognitions in anxiety and motivation. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Buss, A.H., & Plomin, R. (1975). A temperament theory of personality development. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Buss, A.H., & Plomin, R. (1984). Temperament: Early developing personality traits. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Cheek, J.M., & Buss, A.H. (1981). Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 330-339.Cheek, J.M., & Melchior, L.A. (1990). Shyness, self-esteem, and self-consciousness. In H. Leitenberg (Ed.), Handbook of social and evaluation anxiety (pp. 47-82). New York: Plenum Press.Davidson, J.R.T., Hughes, D.C., George, L.K., & Blazer, D.G. (1994). The boundary of social phobia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 975-983. Dimberg, U., & Öhman, A. (1983). The effects of directional facial cues on electrodermal conditioning to facial stimuli. Psychophysiology, 20, 160-167.Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R.J. (1993). An introduction to the bootstrap. New York: Chapman & Hall.First, M.B., Spitzer, R.L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J.B.W. (1995). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders - patient edition (SCID I/P, version 2.0). New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.Fyer, A.J., Mannuzza, S., Chapman, T.F., Lipsitz, J., Martin, L.Y., & Klein, D.F. (1996). Panic disorder and social phobia: Effects of comorbidity on familial transmission. Anxiety, 2, 173-178.Gallup, G.G., & Maser, J.D. (1977). Tonic immobility. In J. Maser & M. Seligman (Eds.), Psychopathology: Experimental models (pp. 334-357.) San Francisco: Freeman.Gangestad, S., & Snyder, M. (1985). "To carve nature at its joints": On the existence of discreet classes in personality. Psychological Review, 92, 317-349.Garcia-Coll, C., Kagan, J., Reznick, J.S. (1984). Behavioral inhibition in young children. Child Development, 55, 1005-1019.Gest, S.D. (1997). Behavioral inhibition: Stability and associations with adaptation from childhood to early adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 467-475.Gilbert, P. (1989). Human nature and suffering. Brighton: Lawrence Erlbaum.Golden, R.R. (1991). Bootstrapsing taxometrics: On the development of a method for detection of a single major gene. In W.M. Grove & D. Cicchetti (Eds.). Thinking clearly about psychology (Vol. 2): Personality and psychopathology. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.Hazen, A.L., & Stein, M.B. (1995). Clinical phenomenolgy and comorbidity. In M.B. Stein (Ed.). Social phobia: Clinical and research perspectives (pp.3-42). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press.Heimberg, R.G., Horner, K.J., Juster, H.R., Safren, S.A., Brown, E.J., Schneier, F.R., & Liebowitz, M.R. (1997). Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. unpublished manuscript.Hymel, S., Rubin, KH, Rowden, L., & LeMare, L.. (1990) Children's peer relationships: Longitudinal prediction of internalizing and externalizing problems from middle to late childhood. Child Development, 61, 2004-2021.Kagan, J. (1989). Temperamental contributions to social behavior. American Psychologist, 44, 668-674.Kagan, J., Reznick, J.S., Clarke, C., Snidman, N., & Garcia-Coll, C. (1984). Behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar. Child Development, 55, 2212-2225.Kagan, J., Reznick, J.S., & Gibbons, J. (1989). Inhibited and uninhibited types of children. Child Development, 60, 838-845.Kagan, J., Reznick, J.S., & Snidman, N. (1987). The physiology and psychology of behavioral inhibition in children. Child Development, 58, 1459-1473.Kagan, J., Reznick, J.S., & Snidman, N. (1988a). Biological bases of childhood shyness. Science, 240, 167-171.Kagan, J., Reznick, J.S., Snidman, N., Gibbons, J., & Johnson, M.O. (1988b). Childhood derivatives of inhibition and lack of inhibition to the unfamiliar. Child Development, 59, 1580-1589.Leary, M.R., & Kowalski, R.M. (1995) Social anxiety. New York: Guilford.Liebowitz, M. R. (1987). Social phobia. Modern Problems in Pharmacopsychiatry, 22, 141-173.Marks, I.M. (1987). Fears, phobias, and rituals: Panic, anxiety, and their disorders. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Mattick, R.P. & Clarke, J.C. (1989). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. unpublished manuscript.Meehl, P.E. (1973). MAXCOV-HITMAX: A taxonomic search for loose genetic syndromes. In P.E. Meehl (Ed.), Psychodiagnosis: Selected papers (pp. 200-224). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Meehl, P.E. (1979). A funny thing happened on the way to the latent entities. Journal of Personality Assessment, 43, 564-577.Meehl, P.E. (1992). Factors and taxa, traits and types, differences in degree and differences in kind. Journal of Personality, 60, 117-174.Meehl, P.E. (1995). Bootstraps taxometrics. American Psychologist, 50, 266-275.Meehl, P.E., & Golden, R.R. (1982). Taxometric methods. In J.N. Butcher & P.C. Kendall (Eds.), The handbook of research methods in clinical psychology (pp. 127-181). New York: Wiley.Mineka, S., & Zimbarg, R. (1995). Conditioning and ethological models of social phobia. In R.G. Heimberg, M.R. Liebowitz, D.A. Hope & F.R. Schneier (Eds.). Social Phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment (pp.134-162). New York: Guilford.Oakman, J.M., & Woody, E.Z. (1996). A taxometric analysis of hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 980-991.Ost, L.G. & Hugdahl, K. (1983). Acquisition of agoraphobia, mode of onset and anxiety response patterns. Behavior Research and Therapy, 21, 623-631.Ost, L.G. (1987). Age of onset in different phobias. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 223-229.Pilkonis, P.A. (1977). The behavioral consequences of shyness. Journal of Personality, 45, 585-595.Rapee, R.M. (1995). Descriptive psychopathology of social phobia. In R.G. Hemberg, M.R. Liebowitz, D.A. Hope, & F.R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis and treatment. New York, The Guilford Press.Reznick, J.S., Gibbons, J.L., Johnson, M.O., & McDonough, P.M. (1989) Behavioral inhibition in a normative sample. In J.S. Reznick (Ed.), Perspectives on behavioral inhibition. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.Reznick, J.S., Hegeman, IM, Kaufman, E.R., Woods, S.W., & Jacobs, M. (1992). Retrospective and concurrent self-report of behavioral inhibition and their relation to adult mental health. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 301-321.Reznick, J.S., Kagan, J., Snidman, N., Gersten, M., Baak, K., & Rosenberg, A. (1986). Inhibited and uninhibited children: A follow-up study. Child Development, 57, 660-680.Rosenbaum, J.F., Biederman, J., Hirshfeld, D.R., Bolduc, E.A., & Cahloff, J. (1991). Behavioral inhibition in children: A possible precursor to panic disorder or social phobia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 52 [suppl 11], 5-9.Rubin, K.H., Hymel, S., & Mills, R.S.L. (1989). Sociability and social withdrawal in childhood: Stability and outcomes. Journal of Personality, 57, 237-255.Safren, S.A., Heimberg, R.G., Horner, K.J., Juster, H.R., Schneier, F.R., & Liebowitz, M.R. (1998). Factor structure of social fears: The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. manuscript under review.Schlenker, B.R., & Leary, M.R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization and model. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 641-669.Schneier, F.R., Johnson, J., Hornig, C.D., Liebowitz, M.R., & Weissman, M.M. (1992). Social phobia: Comorbidity and morbidity in an epidemiological sample. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 282-288.Sroufe, LA (1977) Wariness of strangers and the study of infant development. Child Development, 48, 731-746.Stein, M.B. (1996). How shy is too shy? Lancet, 347, 1131-1132.Strube, M.J. (1989). Evidence for the type in Type A behavior: A taxometric analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 972-987.Trower, P, Gilbert, P., Sherling, G. (1990). Social anxiety, evolution, and self-presentation: An interdisciplinary perspective. In H. Leitenberg (Ed.), Handbook of social and evaluation anxiety. New York: Plenum Press.Trull, T.J., Widiger, T.A., & Guthrie, P. (1990). Categorical versus dimensional status of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 40-48.Turner, S.M., Beidel, D.C., & Townsley, R.M. (1990). Social phobia: Relationship to shyness. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 28, 497-505.Turner, S.M., Beidel, D.C., & Townsley, R.M. (1992). Social phobia: A comparison of specific and generalized subtypes and avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 326-331.Waller, N.G., Putnam, F.W., & Carlson, E.B. (1996). Types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences. Psychological Methods, 1, 300-321.Zimbardo, P.G., Pilkonis, P.A., & Norwood, R.M. (1975). The social disease called shyness. Psychology Today, 8, 68-72. 
Back to the top.
 
 | Discussion Board   |  Next Page | Your Symposium |
 
 |